The Connection between Buddhist Philosophy and Social Work in Thai Society

Abstract

Buddhism plays a significant role in Thai society, and the majority of Thai people have believed in Buddhism for a long time. Monks, who serve as priests in Buddhism, assume the role of spiritual leaders. The Buddhist proverb, “Atta hi attano nātho,” which translates to “Oneself is one’s own refuge”, is closely aligned with the fundamental philosophy of social work “helping people to help themselves.” While Buddhism focuses on holistic development, it gives importance to the equality of all human beings, whether it is a group of children, women, youth, the poor, the disabled, the elderly, or the underprivileged. This concept is encompassed in the four Saṅgahavatthus: Dāna, Piyavācā, Atthacariyā, and Samānattatā. The core principle involves aiding people through the teachings of Buddhism, enabling them to integrate these teachings into their lifestyles and attain the goals that constitute life’s purpose, known as the three Attha:Diṭṭhadhammikattharepresents the good to be attained in this present life, Samparāyikattha pertains to the good to be achieved in the life to come, and Paramattha signifies the ultimate or highest good. This concept serves as a form of relief aimed at producing outcomes that fulfill life's necessities and aspirations, thus addressing life's challenges. Therefore, this Buddhist concept can support an individual to live happily and peacefully in Thai society.