零起点泰国留学生汉语声调习得偏误分析及教学重点

Abstract

众所周知，汉语属于声调语言。汉语语音习得是汉语作为第二语言习得的基础，汉语声调具有区别意义的作用，因此，汉语声调习得是汉语语音习得的重点和难点。尽管泰语和汉语一样都有声调属于声调语言，但两种语言的调值却不尽相同。对于母语为声调语言的零起点泰国留学生而言,他们需要重新学习一套不同于本国声调系统的音高模式，因而在习得汉语声调时不可避免会产生偏误。对于泰国留学生而言，没有正确习得汉语声调，将不可避免产生“泰腔泰调”的问题。本文在前人研究成果基础上，结合作者多年对外汉语教学实际以及泰语语音研究成果，运用文献分析法、对比分析法、经验总结法和实验研究法，以初级阶段泰国留学生为研究对象，从调值、调类方面分析汉、泰声调的异同，运用偏误分析理论分析泰国留学生学习汉语声调的主要偏误问题。最后,根据分析出的重难点，提出一些汉语声调教学的重点。

As is well known, Chinese is a tonal language. The acquisition of Chinese phonetics serves as the foundation for learning Chinese as a second language. Tonal distinctions in Chinese carry significant semantic differences, making the acquisition of Chinese tones a focal point and challenge in learning Chinese phonetics. Although Thai, like Chinese, is also a tonal language, the tone values in these two languages are not entirely the same. For Thai students, whose mother tongue is a tonal language, they need to relearn a set of pitch patterns different from their native tone system when acquiring Chinese tones, inevitably leading to pronunciation errors. For Thai students, failure to acquire Chinese tones accurately will result in the issue of "Thai accent in Chinese." This article, based on previous research findings, combines the author's years of experience in teaching Chinese as a foreign language and research on Thai phonetics. It utilizes methods such as literature analysis, comparative analysis, experiential summary, and experimental research. Taking Thai students at the elementary level as the research subjects, it analyzes the similarities and differences between Chinese and Thai tones in terms of tone values and tone categories. It applies error analysis theory to identify the main pronunciation errors that Thai students encounter when learning Chinese tones. Finally, based on the identified focal points and challenges, it proposes some key aspects in teaching Chinese tones.