“燕行录” 俗字研究及其运用

Abstract

燕行录”是近年中、韩较为关注的重要域外汉籍，其中有较多文学、历史、宗教、经济等珍贵文献材料。已经整理出来的“燕行录”，时间上自公元十二世纪初至十九世纪末，内容涵盖自宋至清朝鲜半岛高丽、朝鲜王朝前往中国的使臣及相关人员篡写的使行录与各类诗文，包括刻本、抄本、印本等类别。由于其时间跨度长达七百余年，“燕行录”中产生了大量俗字并形成一定的演变规律，尤其值得我们关注。本文围绕如下几个方面就朝鲜“燕行录”中的俗字研究展开论述：首先，“燕行录”中俗字的产生有着强烈中国文化印记，这尤其体现在政治背景和文化与学术两方面；其次， “燕行录”俗字的类型较多，有增加意符、省略意符、改换意符、改换声符、类化、简省以及其他小类型，如全体创造、合文、增繁等；再次，在前代俗字的承继、辞书编纂及“燕行录学”等方面展开“燕行录”俗字研究，对汉字发展及域外传播研究具有重要价值；第四，“燕行录”俗字研究与朝鲜半岛文化研究关系密切，可从朝鲜半岛特色俗字的出现和《燕行录全集》中韩国固有汉字两个方面进行分析；最后，“燕行录”俗字研究对国际中文教育中汉字及书法教学的具有参考意义。

“Yonhaengnok” are important foreign Chinese documents that have attracted more attention from the academic circle in recent years, among which there are many precious ones about literature, history, religion and economy. According to the documents that have been sorted out, “Yonhaengnok” existed from the beginning of the twelfth century AD to the end of the 19th century. the contents include records and all kinds of poetry written by the Korean envoys to China and related personnels, including engraving, copy, print, because its time span of more than seven hundred years, so “Yonhaengnok” produced a large number of common characters and form a certain law of evolution, this is especially worth our attention. This paper focuses on the following aspects of the Korean "Yonhaengnok" research: first, "Yonhaengnok" has a strong Characteristics of the Chinese culture, which is reflected in the field of political , cultural and academic background; second, the common characters in "Yonhaengnok" are mainly classified: increasing meaning, omitted meaning, replacing meaning, apperception and so on. Third, the study of the the common characters in "Yonhaengnok" possesses very important value in the study of history of Chinese characters and the communication of Chinese characters in foreign countries, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects: the inheritance of previous Chinese characters, the significance of the compilation of the dictionary, the significance of “the study of Yonhaengnok”, the significance of the philology; Fourth, the study of the common characters in "Yonhaengnok" has close relation with the Korean Peninsula culture, that is reflected in the appearance of the common characters which are unique to The Korean peninsula, some of the common characters can be seen only in the historical documents in the Korean Peninsula ; fifth, The study of "Yonhaengnok" is helpful to the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, but it includes: the common characters and the teaching of Chinese characters as a foreign language, the common characters and calligraphy teaching of Chinese characters, the common characters and Teaching method of the Chinese as a foreign language.