V+复合趋向动词 单音节自移类动词“V”的考察研究

Abstract

Self-moving words belong to the subcategory of displacement verbs. In this paper, using the Dictionary of Chinese Verb Usage compiled by Meng Cong and Zheng Huade et al. (1999) as the research scope, 35 monosyllabic self-moving words with [+ self-shifting] semantics are selected by comparison and using the Talmy (2000) displacement event frame theory. This paper studies the connotation, extension and semantic types of modern Chinese monosyllabic self-moving words. The semantic features related to the concept elements of displacement are extracted and classified according to the semantic features. According to Talmy (2000) lexicalization method, 35 self-moving words are coded and classified into four types of modal verbs: V square, V square + speed, V square + direction and V square + cause. This paper selects 15 compound directional verbs commonly used in modern Chinese and uses cognitive picture theory to describe and analyze the directional meaning of compound directional verbs. The subjective approach verb "coming and going" describes the position of the "speaker" in the cognitive picture. The objective approach verb "up, down, in, out, back, over, up, to" describes the relationship between the displace and the trend meaning in the cognitive picture ‚ the compound approach verb formed from the two describes the trend relationship between the displace and the "speaker" in the cognitive picture.Taking "walk + compound approach verb" as an example, this paper analyzes the hierarchical relationship of "walk + compound approach verb" and the relationship between semantic component and syntactic projection by using cognitive picture theory under the premise of displacement event frame. Based on BCC corpus and combined with Liu Yuehua's (1998) "An Explanation of Trend Complement", seven types of sentence patterns about self-moving words are screened out, and some problems of seven types of sentence patterns related to "walk + compound trend verbs" under cognitive picture theory are discussed. Taking the most typical "N main ten V ten" Dd "sentence pattern as an example, this paper discusses the relationship between cognitive picture and mode verb under the four mode verb types coded in this paper: V square, V square + speed, V square + direction, V square + cause. Through horizontal and vertical research and discussion, this paper aims to enable Chinese learners to have a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the structure of self-moving word "V decadic trend verb" in depth and breadth.

自移动词属于位移动词次类范畴，本文从孟琮、郑怀德等（1999）编制《汉语动词用法词典》筛选出35个具有[+自移]语义的单音节自移动词，运用Talmy（2000）位移事件框架理论，研究现代汉语单音节自移动词的内涵、外延和语义类型。提取其与位移概念要素相关的语义特征，并按照语义特征进行归纳分类。依据Talmy（2000）词化方式，将35个自移动词进行编码分类，将其分为V方、V方+速、V方+向、V方+介、V方+因 五大类型方式动词。本文选取现代汉语15个较常用的复合趋向动词，运用认知图景理论描述和分析复合趋向动词的趋向意义。由主观趋向动词“来、去”在认知图景中描述了“说话者”的位置，客观趋向动词“上、下、进、出、回、过、起、到”在认知图景中描述了位移体与趋向意义之间的关系由二者复合而成的复合趋向动词，在认知图景描述了位移体与“说话者”的趋向关系。以“走+复合趋向动词”个案为例，在位移事件框架前提下，运用认知图景理论分析了“走+复合趋向动词”层级关系，以及语义成分与句法投射关系。以BCC语料库为基础，结合刘月华（1998）《趋向补语通释》关于自移动词七类句型，筛选出三类常用句型，探讨“走+复合趋向动词”相关七类句型在认知图景理论下出现的一些问题。以最典型的“N主十V十“Dd”句型为例，探讨该句型在本文编码的V方、V方+速、V方+向、V方+介、V方+因五大方式动词类型下认知图景与方式动词的影响关系。通过横向与纵向研究与讨论，让汉语学习者对自移动词“V十复合趋向动词”结构从深度与广度上进行全面系统的了解。