汉泰语中“火”的认知隐喻对比研究

Abstract

本论文的研究目的，主要是对汉语“火”与泰语“ไฟ”的认知隐喻机制和词语演 变路径进行对比，找出二者的异同之处，并探究“火”隐喻的相同点和不同点的成 因。本论文基于概念隐喻理论，从字典和相关文件中收集了汉语和泰语跟“火”相关 的隐喻现象。研究发现，汉、泰两种语言对“火”的认知基本是同一个对象，词义演 变的路径都是由具体的“火”，比如颜色、形状、功能、运动等几个特征引申到了抽 象的事情。从火这个始源域，汉语“火”的隐喻投射有26 个目标域，泰语“ไฟ”的隐 喻投射有20 个目标域，其中12 个目标域是二者共享的。对于汉、泰语共有和特有的 “火”的概念隐喻，相似隐喻的成因主要是由人的身体体验组成的，而相异隐喻的成 因主要是由地理环境、国家历史、宗教信仰等因素组成的。因此，“一个词语在不同 的语言，它的意思就不能完全相同”，本论文研究汉泰语中“火”与“ไฟ”的认知隐 喻对比研究会补充不足的地方，掌握了两国概念的同异点，帮助汉、泰学习者更了解 两国的文化与思想。

The purpose of this research was to study and compare the target domains of “火” in Chinese and “ไฟ” in Thai, as well as the similar and different background factors reflected through the metaphor of fire. Using the conceptual metaphor theory as a guide, the researcher has included the word and idioms from dictionaries, books, and related documents in Thailand and overseas. The result shows the change in the meaning of fire through the metaphorical process of both languages occurred from the same source meaning. The source domain comes from fire characteristics like size, color, ability, and movement, it shows up as the target domain. 26 metaphors in total, including 20 metaphors in Thai. Similarities develop from human experiences via the human body, but differences develop from conceptions of sex, society, culture, and ways of living. In addition, the same word when in different languages Language users have different backgrounds, experiences, and ideas. Therefore, the meaning of the words may be different. Understanding theses contexts will be helpful in teaching and studying Chinese and Thai languages more efficiently.