基于汉语教学的现代汉语形貌类词释义研究

Abstract

With the continuous improvement of China's economic and cultural influence, more and more people have a strong interest in learning Chinese. In fact, Chinese has become one of the most popular foreign languages in the world, and Chinese education has gradually become one of the popular courses in many countries. As a result, the compilation of dictionaries and related research has attracted much attention, and the study of paraphrase, which is the core of dictionary research, plays a crucial role. Based on “Modern Chinese Dictionary”, this paper compares and analyzes the similarities and differences of the morphological words in the Chinese dictionaries “Modern Chinese Learning Dictionary”, “Modern Chinese Normative Dictionary” and the English dictionaries “Longman Contemporary Advanced English Dictionary” and “Collins Advanced English Learning Dictionary”, “Oxford Advanced English Dictionary” and redefines and describes the distribution of the meanings of 10 morphological words in modern Chinese, the construction and optimization of the interpretation of these words in the Chinese learning dictionary, and the combination with the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the independent learning and knowledge innovation ability of foreign students.The main contents of the introductory part include: describing the basis for the selection of the topic of this paper, the object of the study, the reference dictionary, a review of related studies, the theoretical basis, the research methodology, the purpose of the study, and explaining the method of extracting and labeling the corpus. It is divided into seven chapters, except for the introduction and conclusion. Firstly, the first chapter introduces the methodology of depicting the semantic items of the selected morphological words: it contains the methodology of building a balanced corpus of single words and annotating them, as well as how to analyze the qualia roles of a single word by deciding whether it is necessary to add or subtract a certain qualia role or adjust the interpreted terms for the same qualia role, after an in-depth analysis of the corpus of the word and a comparison of the interpretations of that word in the Chinese-English dictionary .Secondly, in Chapter 2 to Chapter 6, combined with the corpus technology and the qualia structure theory, the method introduced in the first chapter is used to redefine and describe the semantic items of modern Chinese morphology, and further discuss the optimization strategy combined with the practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The details are as follows:Chapter 2 divides and describes the meanings of the descriptive words “CU (粗)” and “XI (细)” on the basis of referring to the existing dictionaries, guided by the theory of qualia structure, and combines the corpus, and derivates the meanings of the morphological words relationship is explained. Chapter 3 divides and describes the meanings of the descriptive words “SHEN (深)” and “QIAN (浅)” on the basis of referring to the existing dictionaries, guided by the theory of qualia structure, and combines the corpus, and derivates the meanings of the morphological words relationship is explained. Chapter 4 divides and describes the meanings of the descriptive words “GAO (高)” and “AI (矮)” on the basis of referring to the existing dictionaries, guided by the theory of qualia structure, and combines the corpus, and derives the meanings of the morphological words relationship is explained. Chapter 5 divides and describes the meanings of the descriptive words “HOU (厚)” and “BAO (薄)” on the basis of referring to the existing dictionaries, guided by the theory of qualia structure, and combines the corpus, and derives the meanings of the morphological words relationship is explained. Chapter 6 divides and describes the meanings of the descriptive words “FEI (肥)” and “SHOU (瘦)” on the basis of referring to the existing dictionaries, guided by the theory of qualia structure, and combines the corpus, and derives the meanings of the morphological words relationship is explained. Chapter 7 starts with the combination of qualia structure theory and the teaching of morphological words in Chinese as a foreign language, and extends the learning content of foreign students to every level of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, such as characters, words, and sentences, and combines the teaching of morphological words in Chinese as a foreign language. Based on the teaching principle of class words, an optimization plan for vocabulary teaching is proposed. The concluding section summarizes the main innovations of this thesis and refers to the shortcomings of this thesis and the outlook for future research.

随着中国经济和文化影响力的日益扩大，汉语学习正逐渐成为越来越多人热切关注的领域。实际上，汉语已经跻身于全球最受欢迎的外语之列，而汉语教育也逐渐成为许多国家备受追捧的课程之一。因此，词典的编纂和相关研究备受瞩目，而作为词典研究的核心——释义研究则扮演着至关重要的角色。本文以《现汉》为基础，对比分析汉语词典《现学》《现规》及英语词典《朗高》《柯高》《牛高》中形貌类词释义的异同，重新划分和描写了10个形貌类词在现代汉语中的义项分布情况，提出该类词在汉语学习词典中释义建构与优化的方案，并与对外汉语教学相结合，以期达到提高培养留学生的自主学习和对知识创新能力的目的。绪论部分主要的内容包括：阐述本文的选题依据、研究对象、参考词典、相关研究综述、理论基础、研究方法、研究目的以及说明了语料的抽取与标注的方法。除绪论和结语以外，共分为七章。首先第一章介绍的内容是对所选形貌类词义项描写的方法：包含对单字建立平衡语料库的方法并进行标注，以及如何对单字的物性角色进行分析，具体做法是在对该字语料进行深入分析并比较其在汉英词典中的释义后，决定是否需要对某一物性角色进行增减或对同一物性角色的释义用语进行调整。其次第二至第六章，结合语料库技术和物性结构理论，用第一章介绍的方法重新划分和描写现代汉语形貌类词义项，并进一步探讨与对外汉语教学实践相结合的优化策略。具体内容如下：第二章在参考已有辞书释义的基础上，以物性结构理论为指导，结合语料库，对形貌类词“粗”“细”进行义项划分和描写，并对形貌类词各义项的衍生关系进行了说明。 第三章在参考已有辞书释义的基础上，以物性结构理论为指导，结合语料库，对形貌类词“深”“浅”进行义项划分和描写，并对形貌类词各义项的衍生关系进行了说明。第四章在参考已有辞书释义的基础上，以物性结构理论为指导，结合语料库，对形貌类词“高”“矮”进行义项划分和描写，并对形貌类词各义项的衍生关系进行了说明。第五章在参考已有辞书释义的基础上，以物性结构理论为指导，结合语料库，对形貌类词“厚”“薄”进行义项划分和描写，并对形貌类词各义项的衍生关系进行了说明。第六章在参考已有辞书释义的基础上，以物性结构理论为指导，结合语料库，对形貌类词“肥”“瘦”进行义项划分和描写，并对形貌类词各义项的衍生关系进行了说明。第七章从物性结构理论与对外汉语形貌类词的教学相结合入手，将留学生学习的内容延伸辐射到字、词、句等对外汉语教学每个层面的基础上，并结合对外汉语形貌类词的教学原则，提出词汇教学优化方案。结语部分概括了本论文的主要创新点，并指本论文存在的不足和对今后研究的展望。