A Comparative Study of Influencing Factors in Urban and Rural Elderly Care Services in China: A Bibliometric Thematic Evolution Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates disparities in elderly care between urban and rural China amid rapid urbanisation, population ageing, and growing inequality. Using bibliometric analysis of 300 articles (2000–2024), it identifies clear contrasts: urban research emphasises institutional efficiency, integrated care, and smart technologies, while rural studies highlight declining family networks, poor infrastructure, and policy neglect. Drawing on Resource Allocation Theory and Policy Implementation Models, the study argues that uneven resource distribution and centralised policies reinforce rural disadvantages. To address these gaps, it recommends targeted rural healthcare investments, caregiver training, community-based initiatives, and technology-driven public–private partnerships. Future research should apply mixed methods to assess policy and technology impacts and build sustainable, context-specific care models. Bridging the urban–rural divide is vital for China’s ageing society, and this study offers insights for more equitable, effective elderly care strategies nationwide.