基于汉语教学的现代汉语器具类词释义研究

Abstract

With the rapid development of China’s economy, learning Chinese has become a new trend. At the same time, with the continuous increase of Chinese learners, the demand for export-oriented Chinese learning dictionaries has also increased significantly. In the current dictionary market, there are many types and quantities of dictionaries, but they are not welcomed by learners whose mother tongue is not Chinese. The main reason is that the quality of the dictionary is not high. The existing Chinese dictionaries have the problems of unscientific division of meaning, inaccurate description of meaning items, and inconsistent arrangement of meaning. In addition, the popular export-oriented English dictionaries on the market are all compiled on the basis of corpus.Interpretation is the soul of dictionary compilation, and the quality of the interpretation can reflect the quality of the dictionary. Objects referred to by utensils are typical man-made objects, which are produced in response to human needs and play an important role in production and life. This study is based on the export-oriented dictionary, and according to Su Xinchun's “Classified Dictionary of Modern Chinese”, selects six categories of utensil words as the research object, uses the method of corpus technology and generative vocabulary theory, and compares the interpretation of Chinese-English dictionaries, then makes an analysis of the researched words. The meaning items of utensils are re-divided and described, and the basic mode of interpretation of utensils is proposed.The introduction part discusses the current situation of dictionary interpretation, introduction of generative vocabulary theory and related research and application. At the same time, it clarifies the basis of topic selection, literature review, theoretical basis, research method, research purpose and corpus source of this research.In the main text, the meaning distribution of modern Chinese plant words is described through the theory of physical structure and related linguistic theory, and discusses the dictionary use and Chinese teaching from the user's perspective. The specific contents are as follows:In the text part, through the establishment of a word-balanced corpus, using the physical structure theory and related linguistic theories, in-depth analysis and discussion of the meaning distribution and meaning description of device words, focusing on the path of meaning derivation, and finding out new meanings, and establishing a unified interpretation mode. The specific content is as follows: The first chapter systematically introduces the development of the corpus, and the method and implementation path of establishing a balanced corpus. From the second chapter to the fifth chapter, through the establishment of balanced corpus, guided by the physical structure, in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (7th edition) on the basis of the definition of “net”, “rake”, “knife”, “hammer”, “stick”, “ruler”, “needle”, “gun” and “lock” 9 device words meaning distribution and definition and description, and explains the derivatives of plant words. The sixth chapter summarizes the existing interpretation mode and optimization scheme of plant words, and explains that the use of corpus technology and physical structure theory can improve the systematization, accuracy and scientificity of device words.The conclusion summarizes the main research contents and achievements of the thesis, and points out the shortcomings of the thesis and the future research prospects.

随着中国经济的快速发展，学习汉语成为了一种新的潮流。与此同时，伴随着汉语学习者的不断增加，外向型汉语学习词典的需求也大幅增加。当前我国词典市场上，词典数量多且种类丰富，但不受母语非汉语的学习者的欢迎。究其原因主要是词典质量不高，现有汉语词典存在着义项划分不科学，义项描写不准确，义项排列不统一的问题。此外，市场上受欢迎的外向型英语词典，都是基于语料库的基础上编纂而成。释义是词典编纂的核心和灵魂，释义情况的优劣，能够从侧面反应出词典质量的高低。器具类词所指对象是典型的人造物，它们都是应人类需求而产生的，在生产生活中具有重要地位。本文基于外向型词典，依据苏新春《现代汉语分类词典》，选取六大类器具词作为研究对象，运用语料库技术的方法和生成词库理论，同时对比汉英词典释义情况，对所研究的器具类词义项进行重新划分和描写，并提出器具类词释义的基本模式。绪论部分探讨了词典释义的现状，生成词库理论介绍以及相关研究和应用。同时阐明了本研究的选题依据、文献综述、理论基础、研究方法、研究目的以及语料来源等。正文部分，通过建立单字平衡语料库，运用物性结构理论和相关语言学理论，对所研究的现代汉语器具类词的义项分布和义项描写，进行了深度的分析和探讨，着重研究义项衍生的路径，同时找出新义项，并建立统一的释义模式。具体内容如下：第一章系统性地介绍了语料库的发展、选择以及建立平衡语料库的方法和实施路径。第二章至第五章通过建立单词平衡语料库，对《现代汉语词典》（第7版）中“网”“耙”“刀”“锤”“棒”“尺”“针”“枪”“锁”九个器具类词释义进行研究，对所研究词的义项分布和释义做重新划分和描写，并对各个义项之间的语义关系进行详细的说明。第六章归纳总结了器具类词现有的释义模式，并提出了理想化的释义模式。同时阐明了运用语料库技术和物性结构理论可以有效提升释义的科学性、准确性和系统性。结语部分总结了本研究的主要内容和结果，同时指出了本研究的不足之处，以及未来的研究展望。