基于外向型汉语学习词典视角的现代汉语知觉类形容词释义与教学研究

Abstract

Adjectives, As the basic vocabulary of modern Chinese, adjectives occupy a very important position in both teaching Chinese as a foreign language and compiling export-oriented Chinese learning dictionaries. Based on the perspective of the export-oriented Chinese learning dictionaries, this paper takes the common perceptual adjectives in modern Chinese adjectives as the entry point of the study and selects 12 monosyllabic adjectives among the six categories of perceptual adjectives commonly used in the adjectives of sight, touch, taste, hearing, and warmth, namely, fragrant, smelly, soft, hard, noisy, dumb, bright, dark, salty, tasteless, cold, and hot, as research objects that, analyzed with the help of modern corpus technology, summarized the distribution of the meaning and interpretation of modern Chinese perceptual adjectives.On this basis, through the survey on the users' demand of export-oriented Chinese learning dictionaries, we analyze and summarize the current problems of export-oriented Chinese learning dictionaries in terms of users' use and accordingly put forward some suggestions in the future compilation of export-oriented Chinese learning dictionaries.Based on the results of the questionnaire survey, we analyzed and summarized the basic status and problems of the use of export-oriented Chinese learning dictionaries by foreign students, and accordingly, we analyzed the theoretical basis for combining the use of export-oriented Chinese dictionaries with the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language and put forward the corresponding teaching strategies and the design of the implementation process. From the HSK corpus, we searched and sorted out international students' use of perceptual adjectives in the real corpus and summarized the types and reasons of international students' errors in the process of acquisition. The types and causes of the errors and the strategies to solve them are analyzed and summarized. On the basis of this, a vocabulary-teaching program for perceptual adjectives is developed.In the introductory part, the basic situation of the current lexicon of export-oriented Chinese learning, the purpose of the study of export-oriented Chinese lexicon in the scope of lexicography, the current status of the study, as well as the research methodology and corpus sources to be used in this paper, are discussed.In the main part, through establishing a corpus and combining relevant linguistic theories, the distribution of the denotations of perceptual adjectives in modern Chinese is depicted, and the user demand analysis of export-oriented Chinese dictionaries is explored with the questionnaire, and finally the main types of students' biases are analyzed with the corpus survey and relevant teaching and lexicographic suggestions are given to address the problems.The first chapter briefly introduces the basic development of modern Chinese corpora, the methods of corpus collection, and the basic methods of establishing a balanced corpus for corpus analysis.Chapters 2 to 7 take the theory of object structure and the theory of meta-structure as the basic guides, and on the basis of the existing interpretations in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (7th edition), we analyze the meanings of the words. The distribution of denotations and interpretations of perceptual adjectives are analyzed and depicted.Chapter 8 takes Chinese foreign language teachers and international students as the research objects, conducts a survey and research on the needs of the target users of the Outward-Bound Chinese Learning Dictionaries, and summarizes the problems and optimization suggestions of the current dictionary users in using the Outward-Bound Chinese Learning Dictionary based on the results of the survey.Chapter 9 proposes strategies to solve the problems from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, according to the problems in the survey results of Chapter 8. Combine the use of the Outward-Bound Chinese Learning Dictionary with the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language so as to put forward the program of preferential teaching effect to enhance the utilization rate of the dictionary. The students' authentic corpus was selected from the HSK corpus for bias analysis, and the students were analyzed in terms of their acquisition of perceptual adjectives in the process of bias analysis. The types were classified and analyzed, and specific optimization ideas and teaching design solutions for vocabulary teaching were proposed based on the analysis results.

形容词作为现代汉语的基本词汇，无论在对外汉语教学还是在外向型汉语学习词典的编撰中都占据着非常重要的地位。本文基于外向型汉语学习词典的视角，以现代汉语形容词中的常见知觉类形容词为研究切入点，选取了知觉类形容词中六大类常用的视觉、触觉、味觉、听觉、温感形容词中的12个单音节形容词“香”、“臭”、“软”、“硬”、“响”、“哑”、“明”、“暗”、“咸”、“淡”、“冷”、“热”等作为研究对象，借助现代语料库技术进行分析，归纳总结不同汉语词典中出现代汉语知觉类形容词的义项分布和释义情况。在此基础上，通过对外向型汉语学习词典的用户需求进行调查，分析并总结了目前外向型汉语学习词典在用户使用方面存在的问题，并据此提出了在外向型汉语学习词典未来编纂方面的一些建议。根据问卷调查结果，分析总结了及留学生使用外向型汉语学习词典的基本现状及存在问题，并据此从对外汉语教学的角度出发，分析了通过将外向型汉语词典的使用与对外汉语课堂教学相结合的理论依据，提出了相应的教学策略及实施环节设计。从HSK语料库搜索并整理了留学生使用“香”、“臭”、“软”、“硬”、“响”、“哑”、“明”、“暗”、“咸”、“淡”、“冷”、“热”等知觉类形容词的真实语料，归纳分析总结了留学生在习得过程中出现是偏误的类型、原因，及解决策略。在基础上，制定了相关的知觉类形容词的词汇教学方案。绪论部分探讨了目前外向型汉语学习词典的基本情况、词典学范畴内外向型汉语词典的研究的目的、研究现状，以及本文拟使用的研究方法、语料来源等内容。正文部分，通过建立语料库并结合相关语言学理论，对现代汉语知觉类形容词的义项分布进行了描写，并结合问卷探讨了汉语外向型词典的用户需求分析，最后结合语料库调查分析了学生出现偏误的主要类型并针对问题给出相关的教学及词典编纂方面的建议。第一章简要介绍了现代汉语语料库的基本发展情况、收集语料的方法以及建立平衡语料库进行语料分析的基本方法。第二章以物性结构理和论元结构理论为基本指导，在《现代汉语词典》（第7版）已有释义的基础上对“香”、“臭”、“软”、“硬”、“响”、“哑”、“明”、“暗”、“咸”、“淡”、“冷”、“热”等12个知觉类形容词的基本义项分布情况，以及在不同词典中释义情况做了分析和描写。第三章以对外汉语教师及留学生做为研究对象，针对汉语外向型汉语学习词典的目标用户需求进行了调查及研究，根据调查结果总结了目前词典用户在使用外向型汉语学习词典词典存在的问题及优化建议。第四章根据第三章调查结果中出现的问题，从对外汉语教学的角度，提出解决的策略。将外向型汉语学习词典的使用与对外汉语教学相结合，从而提出优惠教学效果提升词典使用率的方案。从HSK语料库选取学生真实语料进行偏误分析，对留学生在习得“香”、“臭”、“软”、“硬”、“响”、“哑”、“明”、“暗”、“咸”、“淡”、“冷”、“热”等12个知觉类形容词的过程中出现的偏误类型进行了分类及分析，并针对分析结果提出了具体的词汇教学的优化思路及教学设计方案。