语料库视野下的现代汉语“狮”字释义研究

Abstract

伴随世界范围内的汉语学习热潮，中国以外汉语学习者对汉语学习词典的编纂和功能提 出更高的要求。对比英语词典的释义，汉语词典在义项数量和新技术的运用上都存在差距。以 动物名词“狮子”(Lion) 为例，从北京大学现代汉语语料库（CCL 语料库）中搜索含有“狮”字 的全部语料 8787 条，逐条进行分析标注。借用物性结构理论，通过对“狮”的每一类物性角色 的分析，重新对“狮”字的动物名词性义项释义进行修改，使得“狮”的释义更加科学。同时还 发现汉语词典可以为“狮”字增加 2 个名词性义项，即名词“一种民间表演形式或民间表演用道 具”和名词“形状像狮子的人造物”。通过物性结构理论，为每一类名词构建相对统一的释义 模式，语料库分析发现名词释义新义项，从而丰富现代汉语词典编纂手段，使释义更加科学和 规范，提升词典的实用性和使用舒适感。

Due to the worldwide boom in learning Chinese, foreigners studying Chinese are putting higher demands on the compilation and functions of Chinese learning dictionaries. Compared with English language dictionaries, Chinese dictionaries have gaps in the number of meaning items and the use of new technologies. Taking the animal noun “lion” (狮) as an example, we searched through all 8,787 items containing the word “lion” from the CCL corpus of Peking University, and analyzed and annotated them one by one. Using the theory of Qualia structure, we analyzed each type of object role of “lion” and revised the meaning of the animal noun definition of “lion” so that the interpretation of the meaning of “lion” was made more scientific. It was also found that two noun meanings for the word “lion” could added to the Chinese dictionary, namely, the definition “a form of folk performance or a prop for folk performance” and the definition “a man-made object shaped like a lion”. Through the Qualia structure, a relatively unified interpretation model was constructed for each type of noun, and corpus technology discovered new items of nouns interpretation, thus enriching the means of compilation of modern Chinese dictionaries, which will make the interpretation more scientific and standardized, and enhance the practicality and comfort of use of the dictionaries.