中国孝道文化的起源、本质及其影响

Abstract

孝道文化对中国文化及中国国民人格的塑造影响深远,探析孝道文化的起源与本质有重要的理论与现实意义。关于中国孝道文化的起源,学术界存在不同的看法。根据现有的文献,考察孝字,其最早出现的地方是中国《尚书·尧典》,讲述的是舜帝对父母的孝顺,因此,孝字的最初意义应该是善事父母。孝道文化的本质,从舜帝肇始,直至晚清,一直是政治人物缘于政治斗争或治理国家的需要而衍生出来的一种手段。在历代的统治者的提倡与经营之下,孝道文化不仅影响了中国的普通国民,使其受上下尊卑等伦理道德的束缚,甚至连帝王自身也受困其中。直至“五四”之后,西方的民主、自由等思想的传入,才真正对孝道文化产生冲击,使其影响削弱。然而,在中国当下经济飞速发展的今天,老龄化问题愈来愈严重,人际关系出现了一系列的问题,剔除孝道文化中的糟粕,改造并提倡孝道文化中合理的成分,不失为一种可行的方法。

Xiaodao Culture (Filial Piety Culture) has a profound influence on the shaping of Chinese culture and the personality of Chinese people, so it is theoretically and practically significant to explore the origin and essence of Filial Piety Culture. In academic circle, there exist different holdings on the origin of Chinese Filial Piety Culture. The earliest Xiao used in Chinese "Shang Shu" Yao Dian", which means Emperor Yao loves and cares his parents, so the original meaning of Xiao can be loving and caring parents. It can be seen that from the of Emperor Yao to late Qing Dynastv. the essence of Xiaodao Culture was that the Xiaodao culture was a mean for the politicians for the need of politics struggle or state administration. Under the advocating and management of rulers at those times, Flial Piety Culture was becoming more and more sophisticated and complex. constituting a huge net, not only affecting the ordinary citizens in China, and making it on the ethics bondage, even the emperor himself. Until May 4 Movement, the introduction of Western democracy, freedom. etc., weakened the impact of Filial Piety Culture. However, in the current economic Chinese rapid development, with the aging problem becoming more and more serious, and a series of problems appearing the interpersonal relationship, it can be a feasible method to solving the problems via rebuilding and advocating of the reasonable compositions of Filial Piety Culture and removing its dross in present times.