本研究采用定量与定性研究方法，主要运用语料文献调查法和偏误对比分析法，以在中国广西高校留学的越南初级汉语学习者为对象，收集50篇书信写作语料，开展系统的调查与分析。探讨偏误类型及其潜在成因，并对结果进行统计、分析和描述。研究表明，越南学习者在书信写作中普遍存在格式偏误、汉字偏误和句法偏误，偏误产生 的成因存在于 母语迁移效应、文化理解差异和学习规范缺失。本研究为后续对外汉语教学书信写作 提供理论支持，并提出改进书信写作准则的相关措施， 实质意义在于提升越南学习者的写作能力及文化理解，从而提高教学和学习的质量与效果。
The study adopts both quantitative and qualitative research methods, primarily utilizing corpus literature investigation and error contrastive analysis. The research focuses on Vietnamese primary learners of Chinese studying at universities in Guangxi, China. A total of 50 pieces of letter writing corpus were collected for systematic investigation and analysis. The study explores the types of errors and their potential causes, with results being statistically analyzed, examined, and described. Findings indicate that Vietnamese learners commonly exhibit errors in letter format, Chinese characters, and syntax. The causes of these errors lie in native language transfer effects, cultural understanding differences, and lack of learning norms. This research provides theoretical support for subsequent teaching of Chinese letter writing as a foreign language and proposes relevant measures to improve letter writing guidelines. Its practical significance lies in enhancing Vietnamese learners’ writing skills and cultural comprehension, thereby improving the quality and effectiveness of teaching and learning.
