现代汉语“懂”的释义研究

Abstract

动词是句子的核心，心理动词是动词的重要组成部分，是释义中的难点。本文选用国际中文教育中频率高、使用度高、教学中的典型字、偏误分析中的难点字“懂”作为研究对象。运用北大CCL语料库技术，穷尽性分析了10000条，共计604830字的“懂”语料，对“懂”在现代汉语中的义项分布情况进行重新描写，研究发现,“懂”除《现代汉语词典》（第7版）中已有的“知道、了解”义项外，还有4个新义项。研究还发现，“懂”的义项衍生呈现五个阶段，即“知道——了解——理解——明白——推断”。本研究为“懂”的词典释义提供参考。

Verbs are the core of a sentence. Psychological verbs are an important part of verbs, which is a difficult point in interpretation. This paper selects "DONG" as the research object, which is a typical word with high frequency and high usage in international Chinese education. It is also a difficult word in error analysis. Based on Peking University CCL corpus, we extracted 10,000 sentences, a total of 604,830 characters of "DONG" corpus and described the distribution of meaning items of "DONG" in modern Chinese. It found that except for the meanings of "知道;了解", there are four more new meanings of "DONG" in the "Modern Chinese Dictionary" (7th Edition) . The derivation of the meaning of 'Dong' presents five stages, that is “知道--了解--理解--明白--推断” . Providing reference for optimizing the interpretation of 'DONG' in dictionaries.