现代汉语动词“塞”义项分布情况研究

Abstract

通过分析现代汉语动词“塞”平衡语料库中 10000 条，共计 92.8 万字的语料，研究动词 塞”在现代汉语中的义项分布情况，并将其义项重新划分和描写为：① 用（塞子、布等 特定物体将孔、洞等开口处堵住使不通：塞 窟窿| 塞 漏洞| 用棉花 塞 住耳朵 | 把抹布 塞 在他嘴里 ② 堵住管道，通道，道路等，以阻止物体移动或流过： 塞 车 | 淤 塞 | 信息闭 塞 。③（用力 将物品放入其他物品中：填 塞 | 箱子里还可 塞 进几件衣服 | 把钱 塞 进她手里。④（通过特殊 方式或手段）加入：加 塞 | 塞 进公司。并运用论元结构和物性结构理论对动词“塞”的义项 成因进行了解释，构建出各义项的意象图示，以便于汉语二语学习者理解和为外向型汉语学习词典的 编撰提供参考。

By analyzing 10,000 items of 928,000 words in the balanced corpus of the modern Chinese verb “Sāi”, this paper studies the distribution of meaning items of the verb “Sāi” in modern Chinese, and redivides and describes its meaning as follows: ① use specific objects (plug, cloth, etc.) to block the openings, holes, etc : (block/ stop/ clog up) holes | ‘Sai’ leaks | (stuff) cotton into his ear | ‘Sai’ a rag into his mouth, ② block pipelines, channels, roads, etc., to prevent objects from moving or flowing through: traffic jam | silt up | information occlusion, ③ put things into other things: fill the box with some clothes | stuff money into her hand, and ④ join by special means or methods: jump the queue | ‘Sai’ into the company. The research also uses the argument structure and qualia structure to explain the sources of the meaning of the verb “Sāi”, and constructs the image schemas of each meaning, so as to facilitate the understanding of Chinese second language learners and provide references for the compilation of export-oriented Chinese learner’s dictionaries.