本文依据北京大学 CCL 语料库抽取“苦”字 10000 条语料，利用语料库技术穷尽性分析其 义项分布情况，通过对比常用汉语词典中“苦”和英语词典对应词 “Bitter” 的释义，借用论元结 构和物性结构理论对“苦”字义项进行重新划分和描写。经过分析，本文归结了“苦”字十个义项 并解释了其形容词多义现象和衍生关系，力图实现义项划分的完备性，提高义项描写的准确性 为词典编纂和指导国际汉语教学提供一些参考。
This paper takes the word “CU (粗)” as the research object, extracts sufficient corpus from the CCL corpus of Peking University, analyzes its sememe distribution in the real corpus and the prominent qualia roles of the corpus, and then according to the frequency of use, the semantic items of the word are reclassified and described. On the basis of the nine meanings in “Modern Chinese” (Seventh Edition), four new meanings were also found: “(surface) not smooth”, “courage, guts exceeding the routine or exceeding the object of comparison”, “breathing frequency and air volume exceeding the routine or exceeding the object of comparison” and “the style of the work or the character is bold and unconstrained”. In addition, according to the theory of qualia structure in the generative lexicon, the derivation relationship between the meaning items of “CU (粗)” is explained, which provides a new basis for the existing dictionary interpretation and optimizes some of the meaning items.
